Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 8

Strategic Management - Essay Example Another advantage was that one of the largest book wholesalers was located in nearby Rosenberg, Oregon. Amazon.com began with an initial collection of 200,000 titles, which no other online bookstore could claim to have at that time. The company’s shares were offered at an IPO price of $18.00 on NASDAQ (Symbol AMZN), after going public in May, 1977. Amazon grew steadily but slowly in the late 1990s, and comparisons with the faster growth of similar dotcom companies of the period created initial resentment among investors. Amazon was implementing a unique strategy of not expecting profits for five years, which paid off when the dotcom bubble burst and Amazon came out as one of the few survivors. The company recorded profits for the first time in the last quarter of 2002, a meager but symbolically crucial $5 million or 1 cent per share. Amazon diversified its product lines and expanded overseas, making profits of $35 million in 2003, $558 million in 2004 and $359 million in 2005. Shareholders received reasonable returns on investment, and following the merger with SBC Communications, the company’s shares entered the S&P 500 index in the place of AT&T on 21st November, 2005. â€Å"In the most basic sense, a business model is the method of doing business by which a company can sustain itself -- that is, generate revenue. The business model spells-out how a company makes money by specifying where it is positioned in the value chain.† (digitalenterprise.org). Amazon.com began its business at a time when the internet has just started to entrench its roots into the economy by capitalizing on the enormous opportunity it provided to remove the twin obstacles of time and distance. Amazon’s business model is based on pampering the customer to the status of a king by tracking their tastes and using this information to create a unique customer experience. Thus they have succeeded in cultivating a relationship

Violent Media with Parental Involement is Better Than Without It Essay

Violent Media with Parental Involement is Better Than Without It - Essay Example main contention is that violent media helps children master their rage, develop confidence and enables them to handle their personal and family problems effectively. Jones believes that the present day society is too afraid of rage and violence and aims to suppress it in the same manner as the Victorian society once suppressed sexuality. He further argues that violence and sexuality are natural inst in humans and it is wrong to suppress them. Jones also emphasizes that stifling such human emotions will ultimately hamper the development of children’s identifies. I agree with Jones’ contention that violent media can be positively used to help children understand and control their rage, if there is parental or adult involvement, but I oppose his belief that trashy aspects of pop culture have developmental functions, especially since his logic suffers from the fallacies of post hoc, overgeneralization and slippery slope. The claim of Jones that violent media can be used as a tool for children to understand and control their rage, depending on their circumstances, is founded on sound reasoning. Research evidence suggests that children who are products of broken and dysfunctional families, especially boys, tend to develop anti-social and aggressive attitudes and behaviors in the later stages of their lives (Kimm and Kim). Violent media in such situations can be used as a form of therapy, as long as children receive parental or adult supervision as well as guidance from psychologists or counselors. Jones’ statement that â€Å"At its most fundamental level, what we call ‘creative violence’ †¦ gives children a tool to master their rage,† is credible to some extent. If a child watches violence under the supervision of a responsible adult, the latter may be able to explain the reason for the violence, which will offer the child an insight into when violence is justified and when not. Similarly, when a negative result entails from enraged behavior on the screen,

Self Reflection on a Food Event

Self Reflection on a Food Event Alsop and Ryan (1996) Retrospective reflection is like, looking back at a photograph or a video coming back from a holiday. Reflection is something that is personal and it allows on a retrospective to analyze where we started, how we did it, was it done towards personal satisfaction and if opportunity comes again how different would we do it the next time. In the reflection below, I will be taking cues from Gibbs (1988) model of reflection; we will look at the event, consulting, team, time management, planning, progression, discussion, presentation and finally introspection. Event: Food is an important part of any celebration regardless of culture or religion. In these unit students, we examine a range of special occasions and prepare foods unique to specific celebrations. Food presentation and service is a focus of the unit and we learn how to present and garnish foods appropriate to a given setting. We submit a proposal for a large scale catering event and collaboratively host a celebration for a major school event. The cuisine that we selected is Arabian, which is Mediterranean. As a team we finalised the menu as follows. Jalik ( cucumber soup) Looz shorba ( Almond soup) Falafel Flavoured rice Immambaldi Lemon flavoured lamb Effective feedback: The aim of feedback is to communicate to students how well their knowledge, understanding and skills are developing in relation to the outcomes. Feedback enables students to recognise their strengths and areas for development, and to plan with their teacher the next steps in their learning. They are then given opportunities to improve and further develop their knowledge, understanding and skills. Teacher feedback about student work is essential for students and is integral to the teaching and learning process. Student self-reflection and peer evaluation will also provide valuable feedback to students. Students should be provided with regular opportunities to reflect on their learning. Feedback should: Focus on the activity and what was expected be constructive, providing meaningful information to students about their learning correct misunderstandings identify and reinforce students strengths and state clearly how students can improve. Forms of feedback include: oral discussion with class, groups or individual students written annotations general comments to the class about those aspects of the activity in which students excelled and those aspects that still need addressing examples of good responses peer evaluation and self-evaluation Team: Our Team consisted of 10 members from different race and gender which came together by choice rather than any coercion, with each one having their own strengths and weakness, As a students we were aware of what we need to do demonstrate evidence of learning. This information could be conveyed informally or formally by the teacher, as appropriate for the learning activity. We are informed of the criteria that are used to assess the learning. They are clear about the meaning of the language used, and the subject specific terminology. They are clear about any sources or stimulus material that is appropriate to the activity. It was helpful in giving us good responses and templates or procedures to help ourselves with demonstrating the extent of the knowledge, understandings and skills. Planning: The primary activity that the group carried out was to come with a realistic plan for the event, therefore two activities were done on corresponding times , defining the roles of each of the team member so as to clearly demarcate our roles and responsibilities within the event. The Proposal was the guideline that we strictly followed within the timelines that helped us to complete the event on time. Roles given to me were to identify the appropriate indent for the dishes that we would use for the event, which was unanimously decided to be indent table method. Work was divided so as that everyone felt comfortable within the team and no one felt overburdened or underutilized. As it is event we are serving delegates we are allowed to get familiar with cooking Arabic food and its service styles. Three weeks of practice has been carried out by us, each team member is assigned to do each dish in which I was assigned to cook two hot and cold soups ie jalik (cucumber soup) and looz shorba (a lmond soup).I also practiced how to cook flavoured rice as well. Practice session in our kitchen helped us a lot to make our food more palatable to our guests. Each team member had their passion to make event the successful one. My work: Arabic cuisine has sheer number of shorbas (soups), we as a team selected to prepare almond soup as non vegetarian soup and cucumber as vegetarian soup. We tried to make our event more cost effective and drawn some cap over the hall ambience. The hall is designed in such way like Arabian nights with lamps and the table setting in Mediterranean style. This event have given me a very good experience in food serving tactics and as a student I found Hygienic handling of food to ensure a safe and appealing product. Assessing and managing the risks of injury and OHS issues (occupational health and safety) associated with the handling o food. Appropriate methods os food processing, preparation and storage. The relationship between food consumption, the nutritional value of foods and health of individuals and communities. Food choices by analysing the factors that influence eating habits. Information from the variety of sources. Communicating ideas and information using a range of media appropriate terminology. Employing appropriate techniques and equipment for a variety of food specific purposes. Examining the relationship between food, technology and society. Evaluating the impact of activities related to food on the individual, society and the environment. Planning, preparing, presenting and evaluating food solutions for specific purposes. The importance of presentation and service for special occasions including garnishing and decorating techniques. Discussion and progression: We as a team had regular meeting about our event and observing demonstration given by the teacher Jane estham and Michael Mathews which helped us quite a lot things in conducting this event. The work flow plan was drawn and executed by our team. The details of the workflow plan activity provided us a clear cut experience in food service. As a team we Viewed videos of garnishing Planned garnishes suitable for the menu demonstrated by our teacher. Workflow plan Presenting food and making them more palatable. Evaluating the setting and visual appeal of the meal. Discussed religious for cultural considerations. Discussed resources required including ingredients required equipment, skills, money and time. Final presentation: Having several meetings and practices the final presentations are made n which the team is segregated into two, food service and food production in which my part falls in food production, we considered each one is manager and those circumstances made us feel like a manager in food service industry. Mise en place (pre preparation) was carried out well as a team; welcome drinks are served to the guests on time in which the welcome drink we served them is a Middle East famous drink called Rooh afza. They are served with rocks to the guests. The service style we preferred is table service and also it is pre plated service in where portioning is considered as a matter of fact. Soup is being served piping hot to the guests with garnishes on. Service is also gone through well and the guests are being cared by our service personnel. The food attains guests table on time and we are very much cautious in time management. Co ordination with our team members was so unique as we served our guests with pleasure. Stage 2 self awareness: Having describe earlier the team, planning and progression of the evet and looking back I feel the team did a commendable job of collecting the information, sharing and working along to get this far in the event and there are no regrets about the team and the effort that they had put in ,except the only regret being the project could have been done better if we had done two things with some guidance and help. We could have interacted more with our guests and would have got their valuable comments about the event, to do this we had no clear idea of the procedure to do the same As international students we had hard time collecting the information necessary, next time we will device a better way to reach to the guests. Stage 3 evaluation: The food event that we carried helped us to work as a team and plan our work accordingly so that no one felt overburdened, the team had a cohesive standing at all times ,therefore if this has to be done again we would do it with the same team, Also the work itself of collecting the information and gathering data was an eye opener ,which helped me to understand that only planning and replanning and contingency planning will help me to get the fruitful comment from our guests . I would have failed if I had not planned for the contingencies that may arise during our menu planning. Still the only detail that we failed to do was to speak to the guests whom we invited, I felt communication with our guest was less and it could have been done to made it better that had given us the work , having failed to do this resulted in the event giving us an alternative idea at the end of the presentation i.e we could have been placed a comment note on their tables to leave their comments to make us go wise more. As discussed earlier the presentation and data collection were the two things that went the best but failing to have communicated with the guests was the worst thing that happened in the event. Stage 4 Analysis: The analysis of the report and creating them into a format understandable was the important part of the task which I did well and I could do that keeping my tech skills and also helped me to furnish the part of my report at ease. Oral responses discussion and mind map activities demonstrates us understanding of the significance of the food in celebrations. Stage 5 reflection: Having to work under a team,had let me off some key responsibilities such as planning which we left to the tutor. I believe the entire event operationally moved on very smoothly without any hitches but there are areas that I would change if the event is to be done once again are Would Work on more detail in regards to the design of the menu. Would take more time to plan on how to go about getting the best recipes and more qualitative. Would keep in continuous touch with the guests to understand their specific need and work towards achieving the same. Would use menu analysis tools to make our menu much impressive. Would have more meetings. Stage 6 Action plan: When I am in the future given a part of the event or to lead a food service industry the following would be the action plan that I would use having done this event once and learning from the issues that I failed to do this time Would Understand needs and wants of the guests in detail ,by speaking to the guests and the team in-depth Would plan a time line and will stick to the time line Will assign the event work to the team understanding the strength and weakness of the team members involved. Will Use menu analysis tools. Will speak to the teacher/experienced at every stage of the project, will try to have at least on meeting in person. Would try to find the best way of service and getting their feedback to get the results back. I believe by doing the above said actions would lead to the most successful food event.

privacy :: essays research papers

It is just part of rules that some American private companies offer, there are many others rules which had been made and could be followed. But for Chinese industry there are less such industry moral principle to follow .In another aspect, only to take the way of self-regulation for industry, only to depend on the self-regulation of private detective company and the conscious of its employees, it is not enough obviously. So in America, the government still made several acts to restricted the industry, and protect the privacy. And for China the situation is different. Majority of people do not receive too well education, and quality of majority is not trustful, so we must make complete law, but not the model of self-regulation of people themselves. And we know there is no enough law about the protection of privacy especially for the Internet privacy of Chinese citizens. And in my opinion, Chinese government is in urgently needed to build law of privacy especial for the Internet privac y, and it should emphasize these following points. Principle 1 make clear the range of internet privacy, it will benefit to the judgments in law case. Principle 2 make clear how the data of individual in Internet is collected legally, and how the personal information in web site be used legally. Principle 3 emphasize on the protection of the peace for people to surf on the Internet, and avoid they were disturbed by spasm e-mail illegally. Principle 4 make specific act about the protection of children ¡Ã‚ ¯s privacy, because it is some different from the adult, and we can learn some from the children ¡Ã‚ ¯ privacy protection act in America. Principle5 make clear how to punish people who infringe other ¡Ã‚ ¯s privacy and digital privacy surely, in order to fulfill some vacuum of criminal law in China. 4.2 for Individual For individual, we should do more education, and make them to know the importance of their privacy, to be more careful when they was requested for the personal information. And encourage them to pay more attention to protect their privacy. In American, more and more employers are monitoring their workers on the job. In fact, according to the American Management Association, nearly tree quarters of U.S. companies now electronically monitor employees in several ways. And with China open to the world, more and more foreign company came to China, and those companies also take much action to surveillance their employees, much of this surveillance is legal, so in order to protect your privacy in the working place, individual need to know what he should do.

Crime is Socially Constructed by Society Essay

Crime does not naturally occur. It arises due to its necessity in certain areas. In other words, it is socially constructed by the residents of crime ridden areas who live in societies that have criminal abilities. This is due to a number of factors, but most importantly, crime arises in certain places because of the blatant segregation of the rich and poor; people tend to live in areas with other people who make about the same amount of money, and in low income areas, people resort to crime to make a few extra dollars. High Crime Areas So generally, areas with high crime rates have these problems because they are poorer areas. The residents of such areas often do not have the options that the residents upper class neighborhoods have. Unemployment rates are much higher in poor communities (or areas with somewhat modestly priced homes, or public housing) and crime, therefore may, potentially, result in a greater monetary gain for individuals of poor areas when considering their other options. As crime is generally defined as something that goes against the law, it may be said that the laws broken in many petty crimes of poor communities were not put in place to protect the citizens of lower class communities. Although some are dangerous, illegal drugs often represent a means (and for many people, the only means) of monetary gain in communities with lower standards of living. Though illegal, drug trafficking is seen as a better alternative than starving by many of the people who participate in the trade. Given that laws are, if at all, at best loosely framed around general moral concepts of right and wrong, it may be said that not all crime would be commonly thought of as bad, when alternatives are revealed. For instance, it is illegal to urinate in public, but if one finds themselves in an unfamiliar area and is unable to locate a restroom, it is probably better for that person to relieve himself behind a tree in a park, than do so on himself, or harm his body by refraining from urinating for too long. Laws Often Overlooked or Disregarded There are a lot of actions that are illegal (and are therefore crimes) that are commonplace in certain communities or environments. For instance, it is socially (but still not legally) acceptable to drink in college settings, where many of the people are underage. And in poorer communities where selling drugs can lead to someone’s primary income, most people do not regard handling or selling drugs as a crime, but rather as a means of making money, and something that must be concealed when law enforcement is in the area. Generally, the people in areas where drugs are sold feel that law enforcement is trying to get in the way of their rights; the people do not believe that what they are doing is morally reprehensible. Crime Created by the Lawmaker, rather than the Lawbreaker It seems that, when residents of high crime areas consider some criminal activities to be unfairly restricted, crime is created by the government, which chose to outlaw certain actions. When lawbreakers do not consider their actions wrong, then to them, crime is indeed constructed by the government, which created laws. But from an authoritative view, crime is not created by the government, or exhibited by law enforcement who â€Å"creates† crime as officers make arrests, but rather it is created by the citizens who break laws that the government put into place. Any society that has laws, rules, or restrictions that in any way hinder the civil rights or serve to limit the actions of citizens will potentially have crime. The lawmakers will consider crime as a creation of the citizens, while many citizens will view crime as something created by the lawmakers who decided to limit civil freedoms. The reason that some areas have much higher rates of crime than others is that as crime is socially constructed, it is done so by necessity. This, combined with housing segregation of the rich and poor, generally designates poorer neighborhoods as areas of higher crime. But crime by its definition comes about in a different way. Values of Lawmaker and Lawbreaker may Differ Crime is justified by many lawmakers by their own moral standards. Suppose someone robs a convenience store, and carries away a few loaves of bread and some packaged meat. The thief probably does not completely disregard the wellbeing of the company or workers whom he robbed. He probably believes that they will still make it, even with the loss of the bread and meat. So in the thief’s mind, he considers that he needs the food, and the vending company does not. Crime is really a conception. Although it is supposed to align with what is not right, or an action that is in fact wrong, when people have the ability to transcend the view that all laws are to protect what is intrinsically right, they can look at laws as restrictions. And generally, as people break the law, they try to avoid those who guard those restrictions (which are the law enforcement officers). It makes it much easier for people who participate in criminal activities to be of this view, as it helps to eliminate guilt. But this view is only applicable in certain scenarios. Most people are not able to blow off a murder by allowing that it is only â€Å"wrong† because the law says so. In some cases, such as with murder, criminals may realize that according to their own morals a crime is wrong, and that explains why such serious crimes that are almost universally considered morally wrong are committed less than crimes that some may label restrictions. And many people do assess the morals of a situation according to their own values when it comes to making certain decisions, rather than according to the laws set in place. It seems that the best way to explain what crime is, is by allowing that it is indeed created by the lawmakers. It is constructed socially, by people who set rules that are intended to govern societies. By setting these rules, they create the possibility of crime, which is defined as the breaking of these rules. Crime can be trivial, or very severe. Criminal offenses generally result in punishment, which is intended to deter crime, but when people do not see their actions as wrong, their main goal is not to refrain from their actions, but rather to find away not to be caught for committing them. The Emergence of Crime Crime is socially created by any form of government. As Thomas Hobbes explains in his book Leviathan, before people become socially organized, and give up their natural rights that may include harming others for personal gain (as there are no laws or requirements in some state of nature except to do what prolongs one’s life), it seems that people consenting to give up their natural rights gives way to crime, which results when one infringes on the life or property of another. Any successful social organization must allow for crime, which results when people do as they please with regards to others, instead of recognizing everyone’s civil rights. Any social community that has any order will have the possibility of crime. People are not perfect, and laws that allow for crime as they are broken must be set to deter the criminal activities that one would freely participate in without rules. People in poorer communities often have more incentive to engage in criminal acts, but it is not necessarily socially constructed by the criminals. The existence of crime may just as easily be attributed to the lawmakers who themselves allow for crime by creating rules for society. Bibliography Hobbes, T. (1651). Leviathan. Oxford: Oxford University Press Rafter, N. (1990) The Social Construction of Crime and Crime Control. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency Vol. 27, No. 4, 376-389. Welsh, I. (2005). The Social Construction of Crime. The Agonist. http://agonist. org/story/2005/12/23/121952/67

Changing social structure and mobility Essay

Rural Society: The village is the oldest permanent community of man. All early communities were basically rural in character. Bogardus says, â€Å"Human society has been cradled in the rural group†. The rural community is simply means a community that consists of people living in a limited physical area and who have common interests and common ways of satisfying them. Each society consists of different parts, such as individuals, groups, institutions, associations, and communities. The simplest analogy one can think of at this point is that of an organism that has different components working together as a whole. Society is a system like any other system, such as the solar system. The major features of rural society are: 1. Small size of village community, 2. Intimate relations, 3. Jajmani System, 4. Isolation, 5. Social homogeneity, 6. Informal Social Control, 7. Dominance of Joint Family, 8. Status of Rural Women, 9. Occupation, 10. Role of neighborhood, 11. Faith in religion, 12. Self Sufficiency, 13. Widespread caste system, 14. Simplicity, 15. Feelings, 16. Fellow feelings, 17. Conservatism, 18. Observance of moral norms, 19. Poverty, 20. Illiteracy, 21. Desire for Independence, 22. Dominance of primary relations, 23. Social Homogeneity, 24. Occupations, 25. Preservers of the Ancient culture of the society, 26. Legal Self Government, 27. Change in the Villages. Urban Society: As a result of development in science and technology, there has been industrial development. Due to industrial development there is urbanization as a result of which urban societies created. Every country has its own urban society. Every village possesses some elements of the city while every city carries some feature of the villages. Different criteria are used to decide a community as urban. Some of them are, for example, population, legal limits, types of occupations, social organizations. The city in the words of Louis wirth refers to â€Å"a relatively large, dense and permanent settlement of socially heterogeneous individuals. † The Major Features of Urban Society are: 1. Social Heterogeneity, 2. Secondary Relations, 3. Anonymity, 4. Secondary Control, 5. Large-scale Division of Labour and Specialization, 6. Large-scale social mobility, 7. Individuation, 8. Voluntary Association, 9. Social Reference, 10. Unstable Family, 11. Special Segregation, 12. Lack of community feeling, 13. Lack of unity in family, 14. Moral Laxity, 15. Unbalanced personality, 16. High incidence of crime, 17. Social disorganization, 18. Peculiarities of marital life, 19. Dynamic life, 20. Voluntary associations are formed quickly, 21. Artificial life. Forms of diversity in India Unity implies oneness or a sense of we-ness; it holds tightly together the various relationships of ethnic groups or institutions in a dovetailed manner through the bonds of contrived structures, norms and values. The sources of diversity in India may be traced through a variety of ways, the most obvious being the ethnic origins, religions, castes, tribes, languages, social customs, cultural and sub cultural beliefs, political philosophies and ideologies, geographical variations etc. A. Linguistic diversity The high degree of large diversity found in India is due to the existence of diverse population groups. The greatest variety in languages can be found in the one of the biggest democracies in the world. Most of these languages are distinct and have their own distinct form of writing and speech. The dictionary defines ‘Diversity’, as variety or different. Languages are defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. In India, the tribal communities are smallest in geographical spread and in population strength. They cover only 8. 8% (1991census) of the Indian population. Not only we should consider linguistic diversity as a resource of human kind but also should conceive both the decline in the number of languages and the emerging trend in having mono linguistic dominance over small languages as a threat to our plural existence. It is to be accepted that even in the very ecological sense, like bio-diversity, linguistic diversity should also need to maintain. Post-Independence Period After India obtained its independence, policies had to be formulated for the administration of the newly born nation. While forming the constitution of India, the leaders of the nation had to come up with a national language. They decided on Hindi as the national language and the use of English for official purposes. The Present situation Though the situation has improved from the early fifties, there has not been a significant development. India still faces the problems due to the diversity in languages. One of the foremost problems is the lack of a unified language system. Though a national language was chosen among the 114 officially recognized languages and 216 (Census of 1991) mother tongues in India, only 28% of the populations speak this language. People in India have a sense of belonging to a particular language speaking community rather that the nation as a whole. B. Religious diversity Religion is a major concern of man. Religion is universal, permanent, pervasive and perennial interests of man. The institution of religion is universal. It is found in all the societies, past and present. Religious beliefs and practices are, however, far from being uniform. Religious dogmas have influenced and conditioned economic endeavors, political movements, properly dealings, and educational tasks. The major religions in India are following: Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, Christianity, Islam, Parsi, The basic ideas and faith of the each religion differs. But they co existently stood in Indian society. The preamble of the Constitution of India proclaims India to be a secular republic where citizens may freely worship and propagate any religion of their choice. The right to freedom of religion is also declared as a fundamental right by the Constitution of India. Indian religions have exerted significant influence all over the world. PART II : FAMILY, MARRIAGE AND KINSHIP Family in Indian Society The family is the basic unit of society. It is the first and the most immediate social environment to which a child is exposed. It is in the family a child learns language, the behavioral Patterns and social norms in his childhood. In some way or the other the family is a universal group. It exists in tribal, rural and urban communities and among the followers of all religions and cultures. It provides the most enduring relationship in one form or other. From the moment of birth to the moment of death the family exerts a constant influence. In spite of the universal and permanent nature of the family one can also see vast difference in its structure in different societies. In tribal and agrarian societies people of several generations live together. These societies have large and ‘joint families’. In the industrial society the family is limited to husband, wife and their children. Sociologist calls it a ‘nuclear family’. The family is formed with number of members. These members live together. They have a home. They have definite purposes in living together. In this sense the family in a group. There is certain rules and procedures at the roots of the family. In this sense the family in an institution. Factors affected the family: A) The consanguine Family declines: The consanguineous or joint family tended to disappear especially in the western world and conjugal or nuclear family has become predominant with the increasing urbanization and industrialization people are less subject to Parental control which lessens social control. Women have attained a new legal status in which there is less discrimination between them and men. B). Increasing Rate of Divorce: Divorce is the most obvious symptom of family disintegration. Economic freedom, new life style, new idealities together creates an idea of free life. The traditional joint family system in India has under gone vast changes. They have definitely affected its structure and functions. Milton singer has identified most there are; Education, Industrialization, Urbanization, changes in the institution of marriage. C. Influence of education: Modern education affected joint family in several ways. It has brought about a change in the attitude, beliefs, values and ideologies of the people. Education which is spreading even amongst the females has created and aroused the individualistic feelings. The increasing education not only brings changes in the philosophy of life of men and women, but also provides new opportunities of employment to the women. After becoming economically independent, women demand more freedom in family affairs. They refuse to accept anybody’s domination over them. Education in this way brings changes in relations in the family.D. Impact of Industrialization: New system of production based on factory and new joint families have disintegrated considerably. 2. The impact of Economic and Technological changes: Industrial development and application of new advanced techniques reduced the economic functions of family. The technological changes took both the work and workers out of the home. E. Chang es in the position of women: The chief factor causing changes in the position of women in our society lie in her changing economic role. New economic rule provided a new position in society and especially in their relation to men.

Daily Fuel How quiet leadership makes a louder impact

Daily Fuel How quiet leadership makes a louder impact The desire for power is a common one, but once you obtain it, the real test begins. Both the public and private sectors are full of leaders more focused on their own personal brand than the impact they are making. Former Bush Administration official and Detroit Regional Chamber CEO Sandy Baruah explains what separates the best leaders from the show horses, but his message can apply to even the smallest of jobs. [Source: Daily Fuel]

Planilla N-400 para ciudadanía por naturalización

Planilla N-400 para ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n Se puede adquirir la ciudadanà ­a de los Estados Unidos de varias formas, entre ellas la naturalizacià ³n. El formulario N-400 es el indicado para iniciar estos trmites. Este artà ­culo te guà ­a de manera sencilla para que puedas completar sin problemas la planilla N-400 y puedas jurar como ciudadano en aproximadamente 6 meses desde la fecha de inicio de todo el proceso. Quià ©n puede naturalizarse y asà ­ convertirse en estadounidense Los residentes permanentes legales pueden adquirir la nacionalidad americana por naturalizacià ³n. Si bien tienen que pasar un nà ºmero de aà ±os como titulares de la tarjeta de residencia (green card) antes de poder aplicar. El  tiempo de espera  varà ­a segà ºn cà ³mo se consiguià ³ la green card. Aunque hay varios supuestos y excepciones la regla general es que los esposos de ciudadanos deben esperar 3 aà ±os, mientras que el el resto de los residentes deben esperar 5 aà ±os. Extensià ³n de la planilla para pedir la ciudadanà ­a y quà © te vas a encontrar En cuanto a la extensià ³n de N-400,  tiene exactamente 21 pginas.   A tal fin, se hace una serie de preguntas divididas en 17 partes: Parte 1: elegibilidad.   Parte 2: Informacià ³n sobre ti (nombre, Nà ºmero del Seguro Social, fecha de nacimiento, solicitud de acomodacià ³n especial para la entrevista, peticià ³n de que se aplique una excepcià ³n para no presentar el examen de inglà ©s y/o cà ­vico, etc). Parte 3: Informacià ³n de contacto: telà ©fonos y cuenta de correo electrà ³nico. Parte 4: Datos sobre dà ³nde has vivido en los à ºltimos cinco aà ±os. Parte 5: Informacià ³n sobre tus padres. Parte 6: Con el objeto de poder identificarte fà ­sicamente al verificar un posible expediente delictivo, Inmigracià ³n te pide que le informes sobre ciertos datos personales: altura, color de cabello y ojos, grupo à ©tnico, raza y gà ©nero. Parte 7: Informacià ³n sobre las escuelas o universidades a las que has atendido en los à ºltimos cinco aà ±os y tus empleos en ese mismo periodo de tiempo. Parte 8: Descripcià ³n detallada de los viajes que has hecho fuera de Estados Unidos que han durado ms de 24 horas y que has realizado en los à ºltimos cinco aà ±os. Esta informacià ³n es muy importante ya que los residentes permanentes tienen limitado el tiempo que pueden pasar fuera de EEUU. Si lo sobrepasan pueden perder su condicià ³n de residentes y, consecuentemente, no podrà ­an aplicar por la ciudadanà ­a. Parte 9: Inmigracià ³n tambià ©n quiere saber con quià ©n ests casado/a y con quià ©n lo has estado en el pasado. Es decir, la historia de tus matrimonios, divorcios, separaciones o estado  de viudedad.   Parte 10: Inmigracià ³n tambià ©n quiere saber toda la informacià ³n relevante sobre tus hijos: biolà ³gicos, adoptados legalmente (no simplemente de crianza) o hijastros. No importa la edad, si viven en EEUU o en otro paà ­s, si estn solteros o casados o si son fruto de un matrimonio o de una relacià ³n extramatrimonial o anteriores al casamiento. En otras palabras, hay que incluir los datos de todos los hijos (incluidos los fallecidos). Parte 11: Informacià ³n adicional. Ms sobre esta parte, casi al final del artà ­culo, porque merece una explicacià ³n amplia. Parte 12: Tienes que firmar. En casos excepcionales de incapacidad fà ­sica o psà ­quica podr hacerlo un representante, que deber firmar primero con el nombre del representado y luego con el suyo propio, aà ±adiendo la aclaracià ³n designated representative. Esta persona NO es la preparadora que ayuda a llenar este formulario, si es que se precisa. Parte 13: Si tà º aplicas, pero es  tu esposa/o, primo, amigo, abogado, contable, etc, quien llena por ti este formulario, entonces deber completar esta parte. Parte 14: Si tus conocimientos del inglà ©s son limitados y necesita que alguien te traduzca el documento, entonces tà º y la persona que te hace de intà ©rprete tienen que completar esta parte. Parte 15: Dà ©jala en blanco en el momento de llenar el formulario. Tendrs que firmar pero lo hars en el momento de la entrevista cuando el oficial de inmigracià ³n te diga que tienes que hacerlo .No antes. Parte 16: en el poco probable caso de que seas un prà ­ncipe, condesa, marquesa o conde de otro paà ­s o tengas otro tà ­tulo nobiliario, debers renunciar a à ©l. Parte 17: Esta parte dà ©jala en blanco cuando llenes el formulario. Se trata de la parte de Juramento de lealtad a los Estados Unidos y se llenar delante del oficial de inmigracià ³n en la entrevista. Explicacià ³n con mayor detalle de la parte 11   Se hacen muchas preguntas donde hay que contestar Sà ­ o No. Algunas ya existen en el formulario actual. Pero se incluyen muchas nuevas, ms especà ­ficas.  Se trata de determinar tu carcter moral y si eres un peligro para la seguridad. Hay preguntas de todo tipo, desde si has votado alguna vez en EEUU o te has declarado ciudadano sin serlo a si has pertenecido a la policà ­a o al ejà ©rcito de cualquier paà ­s, si has militado o colaborado directamente con un partido comunista o uno totalitario. Si has formado parte de un grupo vigilante, guerrillas, paramilitares, etc. Tambià ©n quieren saber si has sido arrestado o condenado por un delito o falta. Incluso si has colaborado en grado de tentativa en un delito del que ni siquiera has sido arrestado. Es muy importante entender cà ³mo contestar en caso de tener un rà ©cord sellado. Asimismo, Inmigracià ³n quieres saber si alguna vez has sido ingresado en un hospital mental o institucià ³n similar, si has tenido un problema grave con el alcohol, si consumes droga, si te dedicaste a la prostitucià ³n, si has ayudado a cruzar ilegalmente la frontera a un extranjero o si no has pagado una pensià ³n alimenticia, cuando estabas obligado a ello. La lista es muy larga y hay que contestar honestamente. Si crees que alguna respuesta te puede acarrear problemas o se te pasa por la cabeza la idea de mentir, entonces este es el momento de parar de llenar el formulario y buscar ayuda legal. Un abogado de inmigracià ³n es el à ºnico que puede proporcionar asesorà ­a legal para tu caso en concreto. Aquà ­ puedes acceder a una base de datos para buscar por tu localidad. Pero puedes tambià ©n pedir consejo a una organizacià ³n acreditada de ayuda a inmigrantes para que te refieran a un abogado de confianza. Detalles de seguridad del formulario N-400   Desde hace unos aà ±os esta planilla incluye un  cà ³digo de barras en 2D. Esto hace que segà ºn se va cubriendo el formulario en la computadora y se pasa de pgina, la informacià ³n se codifica.   Despuà ©s imprimes el formulario, lo firmas y lo envà ­as al USCIS. Al llegar a las oficinas de inmigracià ³n un escner podr descodificar rpidamente la informacià ³n y à ©sta  se incorpora  a su sistema de computacià ³n. Entre las ventajas del nuevo sistema destacan: Reduce tiempo y cantidad de trabajo para incorporar al sistema de computadoras de Inmigracià ³n la informacià ³n que contienen  las solicitudes.Evita errores de transcripcià ³n.De una manera muy rpida se puede compartir informacià ³n entre las agencias del gobierno que requieran acceso  ¿Cules son los puntos bsicos con los que te tienes que quedar? El USCIS sà ³lo admite una  planilla actualizada que puedes obtener en ese enlace. Mentir en un formulario de inmigracià ³n para obtener un beneficio es un fraude de ley, lo que podrà ­a dar lugar a muchos problemas. En caso de dudas, lo mejor es aconsejarse con un abogado o con una organizacià ³n reputada de asistencia a migrantes. Despuà ©s de enviar el formulario con el pago correspondiente, recibirs una cita para presentarte en una oficina para que te tomen datos biomà ©tricos como huellas digitales y fotos. Posteriormente, debes pasar un examen de conocimientos cà ­vicos, histà ³ricos y de inglà ©s. Diversas organizaciones en todo EE.UU. brindan ayuda gratuita para tomar clases para preparar el examen de ciudadanà ­a. Si te da miedo el examen de inglà ©s, verifica si puedes  rendir el examen en espaà ±ol. Adems, si tienes alguna discapacidad, comprueba si calificas para no rendir el examen o para pedir un acomodo especial. El à ºltimo paso es la jura de lealtad a los Estados Unidos y la adquisicià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a. En ese acto se entrega el certificado de naturalizacià ³n, que asà ­ lo prueba. Entrà ©nate para el examen de ciudadanà ­a con este test de respuestas mà ºltiples Uno de los pasos que implica adquirir la nacionalidad americana por naturalizacià ³n est tener que pasar un examen de conocimientos cà ­vicos.  Toma este test con preguntas reales para comprobar si ests preparado.   Este artà ­culo no es asesorà ­a legal. Sà ³lo tiene un carcter informativo.

Definition and Discussion of Mental Grammar

Definition and Discussion of Mental Grammar Mental grammar is the  generative grammar stored in the brain that allows a speaker to produce language that other speakers can understand. It is also known as  competence grammar and linguistic competence. It contrasts with linguistic performance, which is the correctness of actual language use according to a languages prescribed rules.   The concept of mental grammar was popularized by American linguist Noam Chomsky in his groundbreaking work  Syntactic Structures (1957). Philippe  Binder and Kenny Smith noted in The Language Phenomenon how important Chomskys work was: This focus on grammar as a mental entity allowed enormous progress to be made in characterizing the structure of languages. Related to this work is  Universal Grammar, or the predisposition for the brain to learn complexities of grammar from an early age, without being implicitly taught all the rules. The study of how the brain actually does this is called neurolinguistics. One way to clarify  mental  or competence  grammar  is to ask a friend a question about a sentence, Pamela J. Sharpe writes in Barrons How to Prepare for the TOEFL IBT. Your friend probably wont know why  its correct, but that friend will know  if  its correct. So one of the features of mental or competence grammar is this incredible sense of correctness and the ability to hear something that sounds odd in a language. Its a subconscious or implicit knowledge of grammar, not learned by rote. In The Handbook of Educational Linguistics,  William C. Ritchie and Tej K. Bhatia note, A central aspect of the knowledge of a particular language variety consists in its grammar- that is, its  implicit  (or tacit or subconscious) knowledge of the rules of pronunciation (phonology), of word structure (morphology), of sentence structure (syntax), of certain aspects of meaning (semantics), and of a  lexicon  or vocabulary. Speakers of a given language variety are said to have an implicit  mental grammar  of that variety consisting of these rules and lexicon. It is this mental grammar that determines in large part the perception and production of speech  utterances. Since the mental grammar plays a role in actual language use, we must conclude that it is represented in the brain in some way.The detailed study of the language users mental grammar is generally regarded as the domain of the discipline of linguistics, whereas the study of the way in which the mental grammar is put to use in the actual comprehension and production of speech in linguistic performan ce has been a major concern of  psycholinguistics. (In Monolingual Language Use and Acquisition: An Introduction.) Prior to the early 20th century and previous to Chomsky, it wasnt really studied how humans acquire language or what exactly in ourselves makes us different from animals, which dont use language like we do. It was just classified abstractly that humans have reason, or a rational soul as Descartes put it, which really doesnt explain how we acquire language- especially as babies. Babies and toddlers dont really receive grammar instruction on how to put words together in a sentence, yet they learn their native tongue just by exposure to it. Chomsky worked on what it was that was special about human brains that enabled this learning.

Range of semiconductor devices and circuits Coursework

Range of semiconductor devices and circuits - Coursework Example A good diode should posses forward to reverse resistance ratio of 10:1 with others with the ratio up to 100:1. If a diode is open, it will show infinite resistance in both directions. On the other hand, a shorted resistance will show low resistance in both directions. The procedure for testing the diode using an ohmmeter only is as illustrated in the following steps. 1. The Ohmmeter is configured to measure on the lowest range. If it’s a digital ohmmeter, a 2-kohm range or the nearest equivalent is used. 2. The ohmmeter leads are connected across the diode with the positive red probe on the P-material and the negative black probe on the N- material as shown in the diagram below. 3. The measured resistance of the diode is measured; Rf is recorded after which the setup is disconnected. 4. After the disconnection, the leads of the ohmmeter are reversed and connected in the reverse direction i.e. the positive red probe is connected to the N – material on the diode and the n egative black probe is connected to the P – material on the diode as indicated in the figure below. 5. The measured reverse resistance RR (reverse resistance is recorded) 6. The forward and the reverse resistance ratio is calculated as RR/RF 7. If the reverse resistance ratio is equal to one or very close to one, then the diode is faulty. In the same way the polarity of the diode can be identified. When the diode shows infinite resistance the material connecting to the positive red probe of the ohmmeter is the P – material of the diode. On the contrary, the part connected to the Negative black probe of the ohmmeter is the N – material of the Diode. Question3 VRMS = Vm*0.7071 = 100*0.7071 =70.71 Question 4 a) Ripple factor = Vrms/Vdc Capacitance = 50micro Farad 50*80*10-6 =4000*10-6 4*10-3 (4*10-3)*2500 10 10*2 = 20 20* v3 = 34.64 34.64*4 = 138.56 1/138.56 = 0.0072 Ripple factor = 0.0072*100% = 0.72% b) 50*100*10-6 5*10-3 (5*10-3)*12000 60,000*10-3 =60 60*2 = 120 120* v3= 207.84 207.84*4 = 831.38 1/831.38 = 0.0012 Ripple factor = 0.0012*100% = 0.12% Question 5 Block diagram of a complete power supply Analyze the operation of different types of amplifier Summing up amplifier This type of amplifier is used to add two voltages. The output voltage is equivalent to the sum of the input voltages. With summing up amplifiers, the output voltage cannot be greater than the power supply in case of exceeding the power supply, the amplifier is damaged. Summing up amplifiers are of twp types, Non – inverting and inverting amplifiers. Non – inverting amplifiers does not have an effect on the polarity of t

Do We Need Better Gun Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Do We Need Better Gun Control - Essay Example Because violence can be attributed to many unsavory and unavoidable causes, therefore common people prefer to put the blame on guns and drugs, objects that seemingly take people away from their miseries. Therefore, guns are a â€Å"consequence of the violent strain in culture, as well as a contributory cause† (Jacobs, 2002, p.214). Need of better gun control: the pros On moral grounds violence can never be advocated under any situations. Even in cases of racial unrest or mugging, the morally acceptable way of protests is non-violent resistance. Although defense for self is necessary it is however not wise to use guns. When a criminal is armed with a gun while attacking a person, it is dangerous for that person to pull out a gun as this may result in â€Å"greatly increasing the chance that one or more parties will be injured or killed†. Since it is the responsibility of the police to protect the private citizens, therefore it is their right to be armed so that they are able to fight with armed criminals (Sather, 1999, pp.264-265). There is also the issue of concerned risks among the older population who has ownership of guns. In countries like America and Canada ownership of guns is increasingly becoming popular among the older adults, many of whom acquired their licence to use guns at their young age. Since this section of population is aging, cases of dementia is not uncommon which rises the risk of holding and using guns or any kind of firearms. Unlike other activities like driving a car, there are fewer regulations to guide the proper use of guns among the older people. The matter is of grave concern particular for those older adults who have declining faculties but are yet not declared incompetent by a court of law. Although there are certain classes of people who are considered ineligible to hold ownership of guns, there is no restrictions on upper age limit (Greene et al., 2007, pp.406-407). Of late, many people who are crazy and homicidal possess guns and the result is that there are numerous killings of innocent people. In such cases, it is inevitable that there should be stringent gun control measures. (Stein, 2012) After conducting a survey in America, the data was analysed to determine the level of risks associated with keeping guns at home. People who keep guns at home are likely to die from homicide or commit suicide than those people who do not have possession of guns. This is because â€Å"guns are highly lethal, require little preparation, and may be chosen over less lethal methods to commit suicide, particularly when the suicide is impulsive† (Dahlberg et al., 2004, p.935). There have been many occurrences of tragic massacres in countries like England, America and Scotland which are indirect results of legal ownership of handguns. In 1998 there was one shooting incident in a school in Jonesboro, where one of the young boys involved was trained to use handguns by his family from a very early age. If o wnership of handguns is outlawed then such incidents will almost certainly decline even if they are not altogether eliminated. With lesser circulation of guns, the young boys will have fewer opportunities to use guns (Sather, 1999, p.265). Need of better gun control: the cons In this modern world the number of criminals is on the rise and this makes the regular law-abiding citizens more vulnerable. Gun-related crimes are increasing at an alarming rate especially in the United States and

COMPETITION Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

COMPETITION - Assignment Example This will help comprehend the accurate outcome of the competition in the framework and growth of varied plant communities. The article entails testing a hypothesis that the competitive effect of multi-species mixtures on a specific objective plant can be illustrated as a plain additive function of the effects of specific species. The graph presents results of a controlled field competition among 4 common species of dry acidic grasslands (Hieracium pilosella, Jasione montana, Corynephorus canescens and Festuca ovina) with an aim of investigating the outcomes of equally, specific and multi-species neighborhoods on the target species H. pilosella. The competition in this graph is measured by the target plant biomass pointing at a competitive level of neighbor species with F. ovinaas being the leading competitor trailed by C. canescens and H. pilosella. In addition, J. Montana has a reduced impact on the target. Ultimately, the study of the competitive effect presents no sign of competitive increase or decrease with a growing number of neighboring

Does the ultra vires doctrine provide the best justification for Essay

Does the ultra vires doctrine provide the best justification for judicial review in the British constitution - Essay Example Accordingly, the preservation of separation of powers is essential as a check on autocratic power. As such, the doctrine of ultra vires is theoretically vital in serving as a testament to the independence of the judiciary in its role under the fundamental constitutional separation of powers in ensuring that public bodies, such as government departments, local authorities, tribunals, agencies have not acted ultra vires5. Moreover, the ultra vires doctrine is cited as the first principle of natural justice and the rule of law that public bodies are required to act within the scope of the powers allocated to them by Parliament6. The incorporation of the European Convention of the Human Rights (implemented through the Human Rights Act 1998) further requires judicial review to ensure that public authorities do not â€Å"act in a way which is incompatible with a convention right7†. Indeed, Doctor Yardley asserts that judicial review is â€Å"the ultimate safeguard for the ordinary citizen against unlawful action by †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.the more powerful administration8†. Alternatively it has been argued that the ultra vires doctrine is inherently limited by enabling a process by which courts scrutinise and consider the validity of the manner in which public authorities have made a decision9. The essence of judicial review is to ensure that public authorities act appropriately in exercising their duty10 regardless of the merits of the decision, which in itself begs the question as to the efficacy of the judiciary’s role under the separation of powers to truly act as a curb on the legitimacy of abuses of power by the executive11. This is further compounded by the fact that the judiciary has evolved and expanded the parameters of the ultra vires doctrine on an ad hoc basis in order to circumvent the inherent limitations of judicial review12.

Self and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Self and Leadership - Essay Example First, I will present the results of a feedback survey I conducted with my family, friends, and business colleagues. I expect this to provide me with insight from those closest to me as I ask them to identify my strengths, weaknesses, and areas where I could improve. Then, I will assess the results of several standardized tests I took that will offer insight into my personality, intelligence, career strengths, etc. These more objective forms of self-analysis are instructive from a comparative perspective. My scores will include a comparison to classification levels that are recognized as having a significant impact on the workplace. Following that, I will include a section on personal information from my family and past that has bearing upon my skills and functionality within the workplace. This, most personal, area of assessment will include my own biographical information as well as those events in my family's history that impacted my personal development. Finally, I will perform a Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) analysis on myself using a synthesis of all of the information I have gathered. I expect this methodology to be useful for providing a condensed presentation of all the data in the assessment and lead to specific goals for improving my leadership skills. My goal, during the course of this exercise, will be to explore my individual leadership capability and determine ways of making myself a better, more effective leader. During the course of the assessment, I expect to be able to communicate my personal and career goals, particularly as it relates to leadership within a business culture. I perceive myself as the type of individual who looks forward to continuously advancing and improving my skills and knowledge. I try to identify the strengths and weaknesses I may have to help me grow and become a better leader. This assessment exercise will help me achieve my ultimate goal of establishing my own successful business so that I can obtain security and independence. Section I: Feedback My initial foray into increasing my intrapersonal intelligence involves a series of interviews with a group of my family, friends, and business colleagues; asking them to comment on me. I must admit that doing this made me a little nervous. It is one thing to take a personality test or fill out an online questionnaire and have a computer rate your score. It is quite another thing entirely to conduct a face-to-face interview with people who are important to you while giving them the opportunity to speak candidly about you. We were advised to listen to the responses carefully, and try to say nothing at all; even if we did not hear what we expected or wanted to hear. As revealed in the assessment portion of this paper, I am a direct and focused person, which makes it hard for me to listen to something I don't want to hear. Ironically, one of the comments from an interviewee was that I needed to "listen to peoples' ideas even if they don't agree with [me]."1 The methodology for this part of the assessment was straightforward. I personally met with each interviewee and asked them three simple questions about

Risk And Project Management Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Risk And Project Management - Literature review Example Risk management is â€Å"the process of identifying, analyzing, and responding to business and project risk in order to minimize the consequences of adverse risk-based events† (Barkley, 2004, p. 3). According to Silvers (2010), the management of events is complex and replete with responsibilities. The process of preparing plans and executing them requires the participation of a good number of personnel, equipment and expertise, all of which must be gathered at one location in order to accomplish the set of activities that would complete the planned project. Events may be small in scale and limited in their complexity; others would be substantially more challenging, taking a much longer time to complete, and requiring the collaboration of many other talents working in conjunction with each other, the setting (location, time, weather, etc.) and against the constraints of a budget. Because of the multitude of unknown factors, risks abound in the execution of a project, from the p lanning phase until the last clean-up operation. There are financial risks that pertain to the business side, implying the possibility that the expected returns may not be realized. There are also the real risks of physical injury due to fortuitous events that, despite all precautions, occur unexpectedly. The job of events management is to assess and take cognizance of all these risks, so as to allocate for the possibility that they may happen and to allow the project team to address them. The importance of this topic is attested to by a substantial number of articles and researches that have been undertaken on the topic of project. This chapter shall review the available literature on the subject. Below are two diagrams depicting the risk management process, sequentially and then functionally. Project definition and project life cycle The risks attendant to events management are of the same nature of risks to which all projects are subjected to. A project is â€Å"an activity that has a beginning and an end which is carried out to achieve a particular purpose to a set quality within given time constraints and cost limits† (Chartered Management Institute). Essentially, events are projects with a tangible beginning and end and dedicated to attain one result, and therefore follow the project life cycle development. The project life cycle is a representation of â€Å"the linear progression of a project, from defining the project through making a plan, executing the work, and losing out the project† (Verzuh, 2008, p. 23). There are numerous ways of depicting the life cycle of a project, one of which is presented in the following diagram. http://www.maxwideman.com/papers/century21/figure3.gif The risks of doing business There are many types of projects that have different objectives; whether they are philanthropic or for profit, there is certainly a cost factor involved that places a constraint on the manner the business is run. At best, the project s hould earn a decent return for the organizers where the aim is fund raising or the furtherance of a business. At the least, the costs incurred must be within the limits set by the sponsors. In any case, uncertainties in the events surrounding the project’s execution may impact in the form of higher than expected costs or lower than expected revenues. According to Ibrahim (2010), it is possible to introduce some diversification in order for events

Self and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Self and Leadership - Essay Example First, I will present the results of a feedback survey I conducted with my family, friends, and business colleagues. I expect this to provide me with insight from those closest to me as I ask them to identify my strengths, weaknesses, and areas where I could improve. Then, I will assess the results of several standardized tests I took that will offer insight into my personality, intelligence, career strengths, etc. These more objective forms of self-analysis are instructive from a comparative perspective. My scores will include a comparison to classification levels that are recognized as having a significant impact on the workplace. Following that, I will include a section on personal information from my family and past that has bearing upon my skills and functionality within the workplace. This, most personal, area of assessment will include my own biographical information as well as those events in my family's history that impacted my personal development. Finally, I will perform a Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) analysis on myself using a synthesis of all of the information I have gathered. I expect this methodology to be useful for providing a condensed presentation of all the data in the assessment and lead to specific goals for improving my leadership skills. My goal, during the course of this exercise, will be to explore my individual leadership capability and determine ways of making myself a better, more effective leader. During the course of the assessment, I expect to be able to communicate my personal and career goals, particularly as it relates to leadership within a business culture. I perceive myself as the type of individual who looks forward to continuously advancing and improving my skills and knowledge. I try to identify the strengths and weaknesses I may have to help me grow and become a better leader. This assessment exercise will help me achieve my ultimate goal of establishing my own successful business so that I can obtain security and independence. Section I: Feedback My initial foray into increasing my intrapersonal intelligence involves a series of interviews with a group of my family, friends, and business colleagues; asking them to comment on me. I must admit that doing this made me a little nervous. It is one thing to take a personality test or fill out an online questionnaire and have a computer rate your score. It is quite another thing entirely to conduct a face-to-face interview with people who are important to you while giving them the opportunity to speak candidly about you. We were advised to listen to the responses carefully, and try to say nothing at all; even if we did not hear what we expected or wanted to hear. As revealed in the assessment portion of this paper, I am a direct and focused person, which makes it hard for me to listen to something I don't want to hear. Ironically, one of the comments from an interviewee was that I needed to "listen to peoples' ideas even if they don't agree with [me]."1 The methodology for this part of the assessment was straightforward. I personally met with each interviewee and asked them three simple questions about

Advantage of social networking Essay Example for Free

Advantage of social networking Essay These social networking websites create an online community of Internet users, each offering different advantages of social networking to its many members. There are three common advantages of social networking and there are communication, up-to-date information and business opportunities. The first advantages of social networking site is that the people can communicate regardless of distance from each other at very low cost. Relationships among family, friends and relatives grew closer. With one click, they can share the latest news or commenting on pictures uploaded to their StudyMode. om is the webs profile. Finding new friends on site is also very easy compared to the leading learning tool. conventional method. People with low self-esteem may make their friends We inspire millions of students through these social networking sites. When they interact with other people every day with over 1,600,000 through the internet, it becomes easier for shy people or those who have low model essays and papers, AP notes self-esteem since they don’t have to talk with people face to face. They can share and learn about other countries culture, people lifestyle, places of and book notes. nterest and many more. However, people need to be extra be careful when they want to meet friends whom they know from social networking sites so that they will not be cheated or lead themselves into dangers. Related Essays Advantages of social networks Having a social network accounts is a must for everyone because it can Robert Patton ENG110, Professor Silvey 30 September 2011 The Disadvantages of Social Netw ork spread information quickly. For example, you can now get live traffic 6 Pages October 2011 information u pdates using the popular micro-blogging site Twitter. This Social networks service will let you know of any major traffic incidents, along with timely Social Netw orks Facebook, Tw itter, and LinkedIn are just a few examples of some the major information to help you on your way efficiently. More people get their news 5 Pages April 2012 from the social network than from newspapers or radio. People share links to latest world news or sports events by e-mail, post articles on their Facebook and other [continues] thesis. social networks CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Technology has brought great change.

The Concept of New Media

The Concept of New Media THE CONCEPT OF NEW MEDIA New Media as a term cannot be described by a single, uniform definition. This is because the concept of New Media evolves along with the development of technology and as the modes of communication progress and become in many ways, more instant. The concept of New Media takes definite form when the comparison between the old and the new mediums of communication takes place. In the present age, the mediums of television, recorders, radio and paper books have taken a back stage and the electronic mediums of communication have emerged triumphant. Today, the most popular and most instantaneous means of communication is the Internet which is the core element distinguishing new media from other forms. The popular definition of New Media is recognized with the use of a computer for the means of distribution and exhibition, by way of the internet, rather than with production. Thus, texts distributed via a computer are considered as New Media whereas those printed on paper, without the use of the computer and the internet are not. This Lev Monovich has labeled as the ‘culture of computerization.’[1] According to Monovich, the computer encompasses all mediums/methods of communication and affects all types of media, text, still images, moving images, sound and special constructions.[2] However, Monovich himself states that limiting the advent of New Media to the device of a computer is too limiting. Monovich lays down the following principles that determine new Media[3] – Numerical Representation Monovich states that all types and forms of New Media can be described mathematically, that is in terms of the binary code and so are numerical representations. Therefore, by applying appropriate algorithms, New Media can be manipulated. A cinematograph film for example is a sequence of images/frames, each of which has its own numerical representation.[4] Modularity This is also known as the ‘fractal structure of New Media’. Media elements consist of pixels, bites, characters, scripts, voxels etc, each of which combine to create the larger image, that is, what we see. However, each one retains its independent identity separate from the whole. Going back to the example of the cinematograph film, each frame would be independently created and would thereafter be combined together to create the whole cinematograph work. However, a single frame can thereafter be removed, altered or deleted without having an effect on the whole ‘work’. Automation The above two principles, that is Numerical representation and Modularity allow the work to be automated in many operations. For example, in cinematograph films software is programmed to automatically produce artificial life such as crowds of people as required in the film. Another more common example is when a computer automatically generates web pages when the user reaches the site. Variability An object of New Media is parallel to the idea of liquid. New media is not fixed in one definite format but can exist in a myriad of versions. New Media frequently changes as it is stored digitally with a numerical code. Thus, variability is a consequence of principle 1 – numerical representation and principle 2 – modularity. In order to get clarity, one can compare old media with new media. Old Media is created by a human creator who manually assembles the test, the images, and the video and audio elements in one particular format which then becomes fixed for perpetuity. Copies of the work can be made, but only identical copies can be made. In contrast, New Media, which constitutes numerous codes, changes each time it is generated. This is because, after it is created by the human creator, New Media then begins to be generated automatically which is what results in different versions. As New Media is stored digitally, in contrast to a fixed medium, each element retains its separate identity which can then be assembled into numerous sequences under the program’s control. Variability of New Media is created due to the following factors [5]– Media elements are stored on a media database Each time Media is created, different elements are used along with different numerical coding New Media can be displayed using a number of different interfaces The information about the user can be used by a computer program to automatically generate and customize the media composition New Media is through branching/menu based interactivity thus allowing the user to choose. This is when a user enters a programme; the user is given a number of options to choose from. The branch next advanced to in the program would depend upon the choice made by the user which for each user would not necessarily be the same. New Media contains objects that are periodically updated. Transcoding The fifth principle is the most significant, the cultural transcoding of media. This means that all data is turned into computerized data. While on the one hand computerized media still displays structural organization which is comprehensive to the users such as images, texts etc. on the other hand media follows the conventional structure of a computer’s organization of data. Therefore, New Media can be seen as two distinct layers, the ‘culture layer’ and the ‘computer layer’. The layer that can be viewed as a representation is the culture layer and the operating functions are the computer layer. Lev Manovich, in his introduction toThe New Media Reader, defined New Media by using eight propositions: Today, the increasingly rapid change in technological development is leading to rapidly changing forms of new media thus leading to new and unexpected methods of distributing and exhibiting copyrighted work. Methods of distribution or exhibition are constantly evolving and are modernizing hence giving old content new form and value. For example, the exhibition of performing arts has evolved from theater to pictures, television, videocassettes, LDs, DVDS, streamed videos and then to cell phone formats and tablet formats. A similar scenario has been witnessed in the music industry where the method of storing the data recorded has changed. Copyright Law, including the Copyright Act, 1957 grants authors an exclusive right over their creations.[6] Copyright in a work lasts for long durations. Section 22 of the Act states that â€Å"Copyright shall subsist in any literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work published within the lifetime of the author until sixty years from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the author dies.† During this time, the value of the work and the circumstances surrounding its distribution would be liable to change considerably. To get a full understanding of the concept imagine that a newspaper publisher wants to release a compilation of articles on a CD-ROM and simultaneously wants to create an online database. There would be a possibility that a number of the authors would not be alive to give their consent to such distribution of their work. Finding the right holders to all articles to get them to agree to re-release the works would be prohibitively diff icult. Copyright laws across the globe have not enunciated on the copyright protection of ever-changing New Media. Thus, New Media will prove to be a highly contentious issue due to the gaping loophole in the law. As India has not expressly dealt with the issue of New Media as a challenge to copyright law this chapter will look at legislative reasoning in other countries before drawing a conclusion as to what India’s legislative development shall be in this respect. The legal landscape with respect to new use rights is bifurcated into two. While USA and the UK recognize new use rights and generally allow the free transfer of rights to unknown uses of copyrighted works, copyright grants are restricted in Germany, Spain, Belgium. CHAPTER___ COPYRIGHT PROTECTION OF TWEETS AND FACEBOOK POSTS Twitter along with Facebook epitomizes the term ‘social networking sites’ which allows a user to create a profile and regularly interact with other users. While Facebook allows posts and images to be uploaded on a user’s profile, Twitter is a real time application that allows public contact amongst the users. Thus, in the Internet age, Twitter and Facebook are the most commonly used social networking sites. Copyright issues with respect to one site will apply equally to the other site. Therefore, for discussion sake, the example of Twitter is chosen. ‘Tweets’, the posts by users on the site, are relatively simple as a mechanism. They are short in length as they cannot exceed 140 characters and on a general basis answer only one question.[7] Users on Twitter share stories, facts, information, breaking news, updates on world events, entertainment, sports etc. Twitter users can follow other users or vice versa and updated tweets would appear as and when they are posted.[8] Twitter, via its terms of service, declares that the user retains his/her rights to any content posted[9], therefore Twitter states that the user is entitled to the Intellectual Property Rights that get vested with the user as a result of any post. Alternatively, by signing up as a user on the Twitter website and making the content available to the public by posting tweets, the user grants a license to Twitter. The license includes Twitter’s right to make the content available to other organizations, companies etc.[10] Whether tweets on Twitter are copyrightable has, till date, not been a contentious issue in India. However, in the United States the copyrightability of tweets has been under debate. Therefore, to be able to culminate in a satisfactory answer, we first need to see whether a Tweet/post satisfies the requirements of the Federal Copyright Act. I will simultaneously transpose a similar argument in the Indian context. As per Section 102(a) of the Act, original works of authorship that are fixed in a tangible medium of expression, whether now known or later developed, are protected. Therefore, the pre-requisites for copyright protection under the Federal Act and the Indian Copyright Act, 1957 are – Originality The term ‘original’ has not been defined either under the Federal Act or under the Act of 1957. However, Section 13(1)(a) of the 1957 Act states that copyright shall subsist in ‘original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works;’ which is indicative that copyright shall only extend to works that are the fruits of a person’s labour and skill. In the United States, it was observed in Alfred Bell Co. v. Catalda Fine Arts[11] that the term â€Å"’Original in reference to a copyrighted work means that the particular work ‘owes its origin’ to the author†. Further, in the landmark judgment of Feist Publications Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co.[12] it was observed that originality work that is directly attributable to the skill and labour of the author and that the work in question is independently created and is not a mere copy.[13] In order to be protected under the Copyright Act, 1957, a work must satisfy the criteria of ‘work’ as defined in Section 2(y) of the Act. In University of London Press v. University Tutorial Press[14] J. Peterson held that the word original does not imply that the work must be the expression of original or inventive thought. Originality as interpreted with respect to copyright protection relates to the expression of thought.[15] For a work to be considered original under the Copyright Act, it is sufficient if the contribution is minimal or poor. Work of Authorship The second pre-requisite for copyright protection to apply to any work is that the work must be a ‘work of authorship’. (continue) Fixation in a tangible medium The third element that is required for copyright protection is that a work is deemed created when it is first fixed, that is given a tangible form. This is parallel to the concept that an idea is not copyrightable but the expression of that idea is entitled to copyright protection.[16] Thus, if the idea is not made into a tangible medium, i.e. expressed, it cannot be protected by way of copyright. For example, in the field of literary work, the idea of the novel would not be copyrightable, but when the idea is expressed on paper in the particular manner of the author; fixation of the work would take place. For copyright protection, the medium, form and method of fixation of the work is not substantially consequential. Tweets create a challenge to the Copyright law and its application. However, the fact that Twitter’s Terms of Service include a Copyright Policy is indicative of the fact that the content on Twitter, including tweets, is copyrightable.[17] However, for a particular tweet to be entitled to copyright protection a tweet needs to satisfy the 3 basic requirements given above, a tweet must be an original work, it must be the work of the author and it must be in a fixed, tangible form. Whether a Tweet is entitled to Copyright Protection? To establish whether a tweet is entitled to Copyright Protection the following points are established – A tweet is an original work as the work is independently created. The users of Twitter post a tweet that is the result of their skill and labour. The Tweet meets the originality threshold stated in Alfred Bell Co.[18]however there is no specific reference to determine whether all Tweets are original. However, is it safe to say that some Tweets are original. As a corollary, it is seen that a tweet is a creative work. In Fiest it was held that the work must contain a modicum of creativity, â€Å"No matter how crude, humble or obvious ‘it might be.†[19]However, Phrases and words that have common, widespread usage cannot be copyrighted. A tweet is a literary work as stated under the Acts. As the term literary in the Federal Act connotes neither literary merit nor qualitative value, the term literary can have an expansive interpretation. Applying this standard, all tweets qualify as literary work. Further, to constitute a work of authorship, the work should be based on intellectual labour for which the content of the tweet must be examined. Generic, common phrases and questions cannot be works of authorship as they require no intellect in their expression. However, a poem, an expression, a joke is tweeted would be works of authorship because the work would be the result of intellectual labour as well as a literary work. A tweet is fixed in a tangible medium i.e., Twitter. Tweets cannot be viewed without the aid of a computer or any other device that can be connected to the internet.[20] Nevertheless, Twitter users face many challenges in meeting the three pre-requisites for copyright protection. This is due to the following reasons[21] – Size Tweets are very short in length, with a limit of 140 characters. Therefore, the word limit makes it impossible for the work to reach the level of creativity which is required for copyright protection. Content – It is well established that facts are not copyrightable. Tweets are mainly regarding notifications, events, gossip, and comments on political situations etc. Copyright law does not extend protection to facts and so tweets, despite their varying expressions, cannot be copyrighted. Scenes a faire – Tweets describe events, affairs, circumstances, scenes which cannot be expressed in more than a limited number of ways. For example, a tweet regarding the sunset will describe the sun as brilliant, or sunny, or bright. When an idea can be expressed in only a limited number of ways, such expression cannot be copyrighted as providing copyright protection to such an expression would be providing copyright protection to the idea itself.[22] Copyright in Quotes and Short Phrases Protection by way of Intellectual property rights over the most minimal of creative work has been regularly debated. Copyright protection of brand names, slogans, advertising mantras etc. have become a contentious issue. Courts are forever embroiled in the task of breaking down the exact meaning of the definitions provided in the statute. To get a better understanding of the boundaries of protection by the Act of 1957 some of the definitions provided are required to be repeated. Section 13 of the 1957 Act lays down that copyright protection is accorded on literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works, cinematograph films and sound recordings. Rights as provided in the statute can be exercised only by the owner of the copyright.[23] Quotes and short phrases are of two types. One type is cutting a small part from a longer sentence, example a book whereas the other type is when the quote stands on its own in entirety. Tweets would be form of the second type of quote/short phrases. Copyright protection to short phrases and quotes has been refused in a number of cases by the Indian courts. To claim a copyright infringement, the de minimis standard must be satisfied. Courts have refused to grant protection to slogans in advertisements, newspaper headlines for there is no copyright in a mere collection of words that is not a compilation. In this matter the law of trademark infringement and passing off has proved to be more useful. The underlying reason is that although such short phrases may be considered ‘works’ but they are unable to satisfy the requirement of originality. Leading case laws by the English and Indian courts have expounded upon this matter. [1] Lex Monovich, â€Å"Language of New Media† MIT Press, 2001. Pg.43 [2] Id. [3] Id. Pg. 49 [4] Id. Pg. 50 [5] Id. Pg. 57 [6] Section 14 of the Copyright Act, 1957: â€Å". . â€Å"copyright† means the exclusive right subject to the provisions of this Act. .† [7] Rebecca Haas, Twitter: New Challenges to Copyright Law in the Internet Age, 10 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L.231 (2010) , pg. 236 [8] Id [9] You retain your rights to any Content you submit, post or display on or through the Services. By submitting, posting or displaying Content on or through the Services, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license (with the right to sublicense) to use, copy, reproduce, process, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display and distribute such Content in any and all media or distribution methods (now known or later developed) https://twitter.com/tos (Twitter Terms of Service) – Last Accessed – 8/04/2014 [10] Supra n. 3, pg. 237 (Rebecca Haas) [11] 191 F.2d 99, 103 (2nd Cir. 1951) [12] 499 U.S 340, 351-52 (1991) [13] Rebecca Haas, pg. 238 [14] 1916] 2 Ch 601. The case involved the copying of mathematic questions, which were held to be original for the purposes of copyright law [15] Tissya Mandal. â€Å"Copyright in quotes† available at – http://ssrn.com.abstract=1818985 [16] Id. [17] Supra n. 5 Twitter Copyright Policy states: Twitter respects the intellectual property rights of others and expects users of the Services to do the same. We will respond to notices of alleged copyright infringement that comply with applicable law and are properly provided to us. If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please provide us with the following information: (i) a physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on their behalf; (ii) identification of the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed; (iii) identification of the material that is claimed to be infringing or to be the subject of infringing activity and that is to be removed or access to which is to be disabled, and information reasonably sufficient to permit us to locate the material; (iv) your contact information, including your address, telephone number, and an email address; (v) a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that use of the materia l in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law; and (vi) a statement that the information in the notification is accurate, and, under penalty of perjury, that you are authorized to act on behalf of the copyright owner. – Last Accessed – 8/04/2014 [18] Supra n. (Alfred Bell) [19] Supra n.  ­__ at 345 [20] Rebecca Haas, Pg. 245 [21] Consuelo Reinberg. â€Å"Are Tweets Copyright- Protected?† WIPO Magazine, July 2009 [22] The concept of idea-expression being expressed in a limited number of ways is called the â€Å"Doctrine of Merger†, which will be discussed subsequently. [23] Section 14 of the Act lays down the rights that are exclusively granted to the owner of the copyright. Section 57 of the Act further defines two forms of ‘moral rights’ that are conferred on the author, right of paternity and integrity. The right of paternity is a right provided to the author which is the right to prevent others from claiming authorship of his work. Right of integrity enables the author to prevent mutilation or distortion of his work or any other act which would be prejudicial to his reputation and honor.

Euthanasia and Futile Care :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Euthanasia and "Futile Care" Imagine visiting your 85-year-old mother in the hospital after she has a debilitating stroke. You find out that, in order to survive, she requires a feeding tube and antibiotics to fight an infection. She once told you that no matter what happened, she wants to live. But the doctor refuses further life-sustaining treatment. When you ask why, you are told, in effect, "The time has come for your mother to die. All we will provide is comfort care." Sound far-fetched? It's not. It's already happening. Just as doctors once hooked people up to machines against their will, now many bioethicists advocate that doctors be permitted to refuse life-sustaining treatment that a patient wants but that they deem "futile" or "inappropriate." Alarmingly, hospitals in California and throughout the country have begun to implement these "futile-care" policies that state, in effect: "We reserve the right to refuse service." Medical and bioethics journals for several years kept up a drumbeat advocating the implementation of medical futility policies that hospitals -- for obvious reasons -- don't publicize. The mainstream news media have generally ignored the threat. As a consequence, members of the public and their elected representatives remain in the dark as "futilitarians" become empowered to hand down unilateral death sentences. Indeed, futile-care policies are implemented so quietly that no one knows their extent. No one has made a systematic study of how many patients' lives have been lost or whether futile-care decisions were reached according to hospital policies or the law. The idea behind futile care goes like this: The patient wants life- sustaining treatment; the physician does not believe the quality of the patient's life justifies the costs to the health institution or the physical and emotional burdens of care; therefore, the doctor is entitled to refuse further treatment (other than comfort care) as "futile" or "inappropriate." Treatments withheld under this policy might include antibiotics to treat infection, medicines for fever reduction, tube feeding and hydration, kidney dialysis or ventilator support. Of course, physicians have never been -- nor should they be -- required to provide medical interventions that provide no medical benefit. For example, if a patient demands chemotherapy to treat an ulcer, the physician should refuse. Such a "treatment" would have no medical benefit. But this kind of "physiological futility," as it is sometimes called, is not what modern futile-care theory is all about.

Hermia from A Midsummer Nights Dream :: A Midsummer Nights Dream, William Shakespeare

When we first meet Hermia in the play called A Midsummer Night's Dream, written by William Shakespeare, she is a girl in love against her father's wishes. From the very start of the play we can see how much enamored she is with Lysander. We can also see that Hermia is a woman with her own desires, and does not liked to be forced to do things that she does not want. She does not want to marry the man that her father betrothed to her, even though it could mean her demise. Her choices of living in a nunnery and live the life of chastity was not an option for Hermia. She loved Lysander and all she wanted was to be with him. Hermia is the daughter of Egeus. She is a tiny woman that possessed sparkling eyes and a lovely voice. Hermia is very adamant about what she wants from the balance of the play. She has only eyes for Lysander and is very faithful, even when faced with the obstacles of death or the nunnery. Throughout the play Hermia emotions were confused at times. She even says "Am I not Hermia? Are you not Lysander? (Act III Scene 2 Line 292). We see at this point that she is confused and her feelings are hurt. At that very moment I think she feels like she has lost part of herself, a part that she has given to Lysander. So when Lysander returns to her, she is her self once again. Presented with many obstacles and complications to overcome, we know that Hermia is the protagonist in the play. She has relations with almost all the characters in the play. The first and most important relationship is her love, Lysander. From the very beginning we see that Hermia loves Lysander with all her heart and soul and he loved her the same. The only tragic flaw in their relationship was when Puck put the magic juice in Lysander's eyes and he fell in love with Helena. Hermia felt sad and rejected when that happened. But when Puck finally realized that he had made a mistake and corrected it, Hermia and Lysander were in their heavenly bliss of love once again.

Scent of Apples by Bienvenido Santos

The air within Celestial Bias's secluded home was perfumed with the foreign scent of apples. The immigrant had been living in Kalamazoo for more than 20 years when he met a speaker from his native land who had come to the US to lecture; he drove out to the city hear this man. The crowd's questions during the open forum centered on Bias's home country. To this AIBO stands and asks if the women now were the same 20 years ago and the lecturer responds that they were. Thereafter AIBO invites the lecturer to dinner with his American wife, Ruth, and his son, Roger.The next day AIBO picks the speaker up from the hotel and drives him to a farm east of the city into a rugged road that led into an isolated farm. It held a crumbling and shanty home. AIBO reminisces about his time in the Philippines and the speaker has dinner with the hospitable family. As the dinner ends, so does the Bias's time with his only link back home. The lecturer bids goodbye and offers to pass on Bias's sentiments to h is family in the Philippines, which AIBO politely declines saying that nobody would remember him anyway and lets the lecturer go.Ovenbird Canton's â€Å"The Scent of Apples† centers on the absence of the familiarity of home or the characteristics of what makes a place so, for example: for a Filipino Collections AIBO there is abundance of apple trees, while for the American men who went out to war there is the absence of great icy winds and the promise of winter; additionally the way Santos describes the setting further exemplifies this nostalgia and isolation from home. The absence of home is introduced by Canton's description of the, which creates a somber tone by describing the memory their son who had gone away to war.He uses that setting, the boy being away for war, to establish exile or loneliness; additionally he adds the boys absence from the familiar icy winds, changing golden leaves, and the fragrance of apples to further isolate the parent's from their son. This des cription when Juxtaposed to Bias's situation, being an immigrant surrounded by apple trees in an isolated farm in the US, intensifies the concept of exile in a foreign place. During the lecture, the narrator receives a lot of questions about his home country, which he describes had become a lost country to his American audience.Here his audience was composed of mostly women who had lost contact with the men deployed in the Philippines. Their situation is parallel to Bias's, with his family closing their gates after him and his loss of contact with any Filipino for the past years, which emphasizes his isolation. Juxtaposing Ruth with the narrator's commentary on the differences of Filipino and American women, and Bias's description of Filipino women entails that there may be no differences between these groups of women at all.To emphasize Remarking on Ruth being described like a Filipino, she stays with AIBO even on the brink of death, while she herself was pregnant. The she maybe ho me that he finds in the US. In relation to the setting, his link to the Philippines no longer persists and the dinner with narrator was the Bias's soiree with his old home, but his being released back into the cold and dark at the end implies that AIBO still Bias's shanty home emphasizes this isolation in exile as well, since the house is located alone amidst an apple orchard miles away from the city.The narrator described the trip from Kalamazoo to the farm to be interminable; they disappeared wrought thickets, passed narrow lanes with unattractive, barren land covered in weeds, dead leaves and dry earth. Santos meaner to represent Bias's distance from home through the interminable trip; furthermore the barren land, narrow lanes and weeds represent Bias's affiliations in the Philippines – he no longer had any contact with his family and he has not talked to other Filipinos in years.The apple trees in the distance emphasize his being in a foreign place. The reader is reminded of this when AIBO comments on the beauty of autumn to which the narrator replies, â€Å"No such thing in our own country' and the narrator reflects on the unkind comment and how AIBO must have avoided this fact for fear of being reminded of his exile. Once they arrive at the house the narrator notices how the house was ready to crumble.The inside was barren and decked with second-hand furniture and, the scent of apples pervaded he air – describing how even in his own home there is the reminder that he is a foreigner. In contrast to his home in the Philippine, biggest one in the Visalia town, which shunned him. Santos also uses autumn to influence the tone of the story. He opens the first paragraph with the old couple; he uses the description of icy winds, ghostly feet of fallen leaves and coming of down of the cold to nuance the theme of loneliness and abandonment.The autumn, being a season of fallen leaves and cold weather imposes transitory feeling brought by being away f rom someone. He also this when AIBO brings the narrator home for dinner the setting is described to be ineffectual and not too cold, which implicates a more positive mood in the text. Santos uses the coming winter, the cold and the dark to further highlight the feeling of abandonment hen the narrator finally says goodbye to AIBO, remarking that they would probably never see each other again.Ovenbird Santos brings to his audience the sentiments of nostalgia. The well-crafted short, â€Å"the Scent of Apples† very well articulates the loneliness of an immigrant. He does this through how he establishes the setting, through how he sets up the stage for the characters to move around and for the audience to get better feel of what Santos intended to impart. The loneliness is palpable in the setting and his use of it gives subtlety to the theme isolation in exile.